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This is a list of Shetland islands in Scotland. The Shetland archipelago is located north of mainland Scotland and the capital Lerwick is almost equidistant from Bergen in Norway and Aberdeen in Scotland. The Shetland archipelago comprises about 300 islands and skerries, of which 16 are inhabited. In addition to the Shetland Mainland the larger islands are Unst, Yell and Fetlar. The definition of an island used in this list is that it is land that is surrounded by seawater on a daily basis, but not necessarily at all stages of the tide, excluding human devices such as bridges and causeways.〔Various other definitions are used in the Scottish context. For example the General Register Office for Scotland define an island as 'a mass of land surrounded by water, separate from the Scottish mainland' but although they include islands linked by bridges etc. this is not clear from this definition. Haswell-Smith (2004) uses 'an Island is a piece of land or group of pieces of land which is entirely surrounded by water at Lowest Astronomical Tide and to which there is no permanent means of dry access'. This is widely agreed to be unhelpful as it consciously excludes bridged islands.〕 There are four islands joined to the Shetland Mainland by bridges, East Burra, West Burra, Trondra, and Muckle Roe. There is also a bridge from Housay to Bruray.〔Haswell-Smith (2004) page 460.〕 Nowhere in Shetland is more than three miles (5 km) from the sea.〔 Mavis Grind (Old Norse for "gate of the narrow isthmus") is a narrow neck of land little more than 100 metres (328 feet) wide separating St. Magnus Bay and the Atlantic in the west from Sullom Voe and the North Sea in the east.〔("Mavis Grind" ) Gazetteer for Scotland. Retrieved 28 July 2007.〕 The geology of Shetland is complex with numerous faults and fold axes. These islands are the northern outpost of the Caledonian orogeny and there are outcrops of Lewisian, Dalradian and Moine metamorphic rocks with similar histories to their equivalents on the Scottish mainland. Similarly, there are also Old Red Sandstone deposits and granite intrusions. The most distinctive feature is the ultrabasic ophiolite, peridotite and gabbro on Unst and Fetlar, which is a remnant of the Iapetus Ocean floor.〔Gillen, Con (2003) ''Geology and landscapes of Scotland''. Harpenden. Terra. Pages 90-1.〕 Much of the island's economy depends on the oil-bearing sediments in the surrounding seas.〔Keay, J. & Keay, J. (1994) ''Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland''. London. HarperCollins.〕 In the post-glacial epoch, , the islands experienced a tsunami up to 20 metres high caused by the Storegga Slides, an immense underwater landslip off the coast of Norway.〔("Study Sees North Sea Tsunami Risk" ) Speigel Online. Retrieved 28 July 2007.〕 The islands all fall within the Shetland Islands Council local authority. They have been continuously inhabited since Neolithic times and experienced Norse rule for several centuries, the first written records being the Norse sagas.〔("Walk in Scotland: Orkney and Shetland" ) Visit Scotland. Retrieved 15 July 2007.〕〔("A History of Shetland" ) Visit Shetland. Retrieved 25 July 2007.〕 The excavations at Jarlshof near the southern end of the Mainland have provided archaeological evidence of life in Shetland since Bronze Age times and the annual Up Helly Aa fire festivals are a living reminder of Shetland's Viking past.〔Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 437〕〔Schei (2006) pp. 198-99〕〔("Up Helly Aa 1998" ) up-helly-aa.org.uk. Retrieved 11 August 2007.〕 The archipelago is exposed to wind and tide and there are numerous lighthouses as an aid to navigation.〔("Lighthouse Library" ) Northern Lighthouse Board. Retrieved 9 May 2012.〕 A small wind farm on Shetland recently achieved a world record of 58% capacity over the course of a year.〔("Burradale Wind Farm Shetland Islands" ) REUK.co.uk. Retrieved April 2007. This record is claimed by Burradale windfarm located just a few miles outside Lerwick and operated by Shetland Aerogenerators Ltd. Since opening in 2000 with three Vestas V47 660 kW turbines, this wind farm has had an average capacity factor of 52% and, according to this report, in 2005 averaged a world record 57.9%.〕 The indigenous Shetland ponies are reputed for their strength and hardiness.〔 ==Main list== The Scalloway Islands are a small archipelago at the entrance to Weisdale Voe in the South West. The North Isles is the name given to the group including Yell, Unst and Fetlar. There are also numerous islands in Yell Sound between the Mainland and Yell and in St. Magnus Bay to the west, especially near the strait of Swarbacks Minn, but the number and diverse locations of the Shetland islands makes further classification difficult. Records for the last date of settlement for the smaller uninhabited islands are incomplete, but all of the islands listed here would have been inhabited at some point during the Neolithic, Pictish or Norse periods. 'Ward' appears regularly as the name of the highest point on the island. The derivation of the name is from those high places being used for the lighting of warning beacons.〔("Orkney Placenames - natural features" ) Orkneyjar.com. Retrieved 15 July 2007.〕 The total population of the archipelago was 21,988 in 2011 and had grown to 23,167 by the time of the 2011 census. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of Shetland islands」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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